Izintonga eZikhonzayo Zokhono laseStainless Steel ngokubanzi vs. Izintonga ezilondoloziwe: Amahlobo Okulandelayo

Amaphutha Wokubhala Kwezilungiselelo Izindlela zesiStileleni

Jongamathanga Lwesikhwama Esikhatsi Sonke Ligcinwa (Umbhali Wesiphumo Sokuqinisa)

Isiphumo sesokuqinisa singekho esisetyenziselene ngekubhala izilungiselelo zesikhwama esikhatsi sonke. Le sicala sikuyinto lokuhlola amabhethe wemakhando emadumile kuhlu ngendawo efanele ukuba bafunyenwe. Umabhethe wahlola phakathi komkhuhlane wesikhatsi, ukuze lwehlale ngaphandle komkhuhlane kunye nokulandelayo. Ukudibanisa umphawu kukho okugcino; umabhethe kufuneka uhlobene ngesinye somgca ukusure ukuba akufanele aqinise kulandelayo noma akukhuphe. Ukusebenzisa amasizo amanani futhi amalibhabha angenziwe ngokushintsha kanye nokuvavanya phakathi komncedzo omkhulu.

Amaphutha yomsebenzi wesicwangciso kufanele kuhlulekile ngakwesobunxele lokusebenza ukugcina umthetho wokuphakamisana kweproduct. Amasensha nezinyathelo ezinenzekelayo zivavanyelwe ngenqanawe ukuvavanya izinsuku zezimpawu nokulandelela kwezindlela ezifananayo. Izimvo eziphephile zikhombisa ukuba zikhulume amaqeke esidingiweyo kunye nokubuyekeza. Lezi zilungu loluhle lizoba ukuba izimpawu ezinethile zibonise imithombo yakho, okudinga uphiko lwemfene kunye nokuchasene kakhulu.

Imininingwane Yokuhedlela Amaphawu Osheshe (ERW & Ukusondezela Wesikhashana)

Ewedha izindlela zesiStileleni kubeka ukwenzeka ngaphandle kwezinye izindlela ezinomsindo esingakavuliyo (ERW) kunye nokuhlanganisa okulandelayo. ERW uhluke kumthetho wakhe wesibhedlela, usebenzisa umoya wemfowazi ukuhlanganisa amabhopho asementi esirholisiwe, uzama ukufika isipayiphi. Ngaphandle kokuthi zisetyenziswa izidingo eziphakamisekileyo, ERW ayifuna amaxwebhu okusetyenziswa, okungabangela imali kunye nokugcina izimpahla ezinomsindo. Ukungavunyelwa kwamaxwebhu amaphupha akukho kuhlukene ngephupha lokusebenza lesipayiphi, okuyonkeleleyo lapho kuzosetshenziswa.

Ukwahlukaniswa okulandelayo lisetyenziswa ngokuba kuhlula umbhobho wombili wesebenti, phakathi lokuhlala kuhlula kunye nokuhlukaniswa ngalokulandelayo. Ngalokusho olunikeziwe, lokuhlukaniswa olulandelayo kulandela ukusetshenziswa kwezindawo ezikhashana, kodwa kunenkinga kunye nezihluko ngaphezu kwezintsimbi ezinomsindo. Inkinga elikhulu lapho kuhlukaniswa kunye nokuhlukaniswa olulandelayo kungaba indlela yokugcina ukusetshenziswa kunye nokuthuthukisa isidlobo sokusetyenziswa. Kodwa, umsindo wesiqhelo wesizimele sengxenyeni siphatha ukuba alithathe amandla nokuhlukene kwindawo yokuhlukene kunye nokuhlukene kwezinsimbi.

Kulokhu olungakwenene nokuhlola ukuthi amaphayipeyi amacabango akhuphi kuhluke kakhulu ngokusebenzisa umnini wokushintsha ngamandla kunye nesiphumo esikhize, amaphayipeyi amacabango amahleliwe aqondile kuhluke kakhulu ngokukhetha imigomo ezimbili ngoba zingavumelekileyo kanye neziqhuthu ezifaneleyo. Ngaphezulu, lokhu olungumthetho okufanelelwa ngokubanzi kunye nokuhlola, amaphayipeyi amaselemesi azikwazi ukusuka ngokusetyenziswa kwabo, kodwa apho kukho ukuthi lokhu kufanelelwa ngokubanzi kunye nokuhlola, amaphayipeyi amaselemesi angavunyelwe ngokuba kuzo kudala izinhlobo ezindaweni zokusebenza, uzihlanganisa phakathi kokucaciso, ukusinda kunye nokusetyenziswa.

Ukubuyekeza nokuhlola Ukusuka ngokumandla nokuhlola

Umbiko Womandla Kwisiphayipeyi Esaselemesi Nesisiphayipeyi Somphulo

Ukufunda amaphawethi omekanisithi kwezindlela ezikhulu nezikhulu zokuhlanganiswa kuhlula ukuthi kungenani lokwenzeka lokusebenza kwabo ngokuphakamiswa kumakhonongothi okanye. Izindlela ezikhulu zikhululekile zikhona ngokubanzi ukusetshentela isibhedlela esifanelekayo phakathi kwabo, ngokukhona ngenqanawe yamatirhisho akhange kungabhalisi. Lwendawo yokugcina lwenziwa ukuba leyo ukuhlala ngemibono engaphezulu kanye nokusethentela, engeyiyo lokusebenza kakhulu njengemigomo ye- oil and gas pipelines kunye nomisebiso wokusethentela okuphezulu. Ngakwesinye, izindlela ezihlanganiswe, zizalwa ngokubhalisa amasiphi ama-steel ama-plates, zikhuba amaphawu apho ahlala amaphandle kwezindlu zokuhlanganiswa, kodwa iindlela ezincinci eziphumaphini ezintathu zithole ukusuka kwezindlu zokuhlanganiswa, okunyeleyo, amatekwini amandla ayiqhathaniswe.

Amaphayipha engasebenzi ngokupheleleyo zikhululiwa ngokubanzi kwiiphayela ezidinga ukugcina uphawu olunyekezeka kunye nokukhipha okuningi imigomo, njengemisebenzi wokuvela indlela noma ukufundiswa kwechemikali. Ngakwesobizo, amaphayipha omahlayo babekho abababi kwiiphayela apho kuhloniphe umdinga womali kunye nokuthatha ngquku kakhulu kodwa apho imigomo yophawu sihlahla. Ngalokushesha, izicatshululo ezifanekiswe kuzama ukusetyenziswa kukhangelela amaphayipha omahlayo ngoba iingxenye yabo sikusiza ukungena kumaphayipha ephakathi.

Izinyathelo Ezichasene Nomahlayo (Ama-zone Okuhlukahluka Kweheat)

Ukubuyiselwa kwezinhlela ezinamandla ezifinyelelwe ngokushesha (HAZ) ngeendlela yokuhlanganisa kwicala lapho kukhona, kunye nomphilo omuhle wokuhlola ukusukelwa kwezindlu zicala. I-HAZ ifakwa ngamandla yicala ephakathi yokuhlanganisa okuningi, lokhu kungabikho ukuba akhangele umkhondo wemali wencane emfazweni wesayithini esiqalekileyo, okungakwazi ukuphucula ukusuka kwisebenza nokuthatha amandla. Ngokulandelana nesicelo, izindlu zakuhlanganiswa zingakwazi ukubonisa amandla akudala phakathi komncedisi wecala noma ipepa eliphakathi lokuncedisi, ngokushesha olufunyanwa kanye nokuphinda ukuphucula kwezinkqubo ezikhulu (umthombo: Journal of Welding Research).

Ukuphela amandla okuza kuhluke amaNxibelelo apha, ezinethemba ukuthi zidingeziwe ngokusebenzisa imibono yephost-weld heat treatment kunye nokusebenzisa izindlela ezintsha zokuhlanganisa noma laser okanye friction stir welding, ezifumanisayo uphawu lwesinye saseHazard kunye nokuthuthukisa umthondazo wokuqala. Ngakho ekuqaleni, ukukhetha amagama emfanele kunye nokuhlola kakhulu izinsiza zihlabeleleyo zingavumelela ukusuka kwamandla kwisekhombisi esilayishwa. Lemibono babizame ukuthi baphinde bezisebenze ngokubhekisisa ngokwesiphumo sokushintiswa, ngakho amaphipha alayishwe angazokufuneka kahle ekugcineni lokungena kwiqhobo lendlu.

Ukuphucula kumhlaba kunye Ngenxa Zokungabhedekile

Izichallenge zoGalvanization kumaPhipha elayishwe

Ukugabanisa kungakho lokuxhasa isandulela esebenzayo kuhluke amandla akhe yokuvikelela konqanawa yezilondolozi ezincinci. Ngokushesha, i-galvanization igaba indawo yokuprotekela khona ngokubanjwa ngezinto ezingaphandle kwezindawo, izindlela ezinisekelwe ziqhuba imibuzo eyishiyagalombili ngokuthi zihlabeleka ngendlela engeyiyo emizini wemakhono okanye ezintshangeni. Izinkinga lezi lavela ukukhathala kakhulu kwezindlela ezinisekelwe ngaphandle komhlaba oluhlaza okanye umsebenzi wamakhemikali. Ukukhetha kwezindlela kunye nezinhlelo zokusebenza kusuka kuhluke amandla akhe yokuvikelela konqanawa. Ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezincinci nokukhetha amakhompondo asetshenziswa ayiqhuba amandla akhe yokuvikelela konqanawa.

Umbuso Weseamles Pipe Kwiminyaka Ekhulu

Izindlela ezikhulu zihlukile ukuphakamisela kwindawo yokusebenza yomsebenzi ofanayo ngaphandle kokuthi bazingeni abangaphambili babo. Ukusebenza kwazo kukhuthazwa ngenxa yokungakho i-seam, okuningi izindlu ezidingekayo ezingabafuneki ukubonakala nge-izinto ezinculunculu. Ngokushesha, isithombe sokuthi esethathweni zemfene lokugcina lembalulo yakwabo, izindlela ezikhulu zibuyisela umphumelelo womdlobheni ngokukhulu phambi komoya omncane kunye nezindlela ezinjwayo. Amakhompi etyebiweyo khona aphenduleka ukuthi izindlela ezikhulu zihlukile kwindawo yokusebenza eyahlukileyo, uzokusiza ngokumkhulu nokusetyenziswa kwezinto. Iziphatha ezinikezela njengesi-khromium kunye nomolybdenum uzikhupha ukuphakamisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-corrosion, ufunekako ukuba izindlela ezikhulu zihlisele ukusebenza ngokukhulu kwindawo ezifanayo.

Ukubuyekeza Okuphi kanye noKhubeko

Izinhlobo Zokubuya KwePhrojekhi (Umkhandlwana vs. Ukusenzeni)

Ukufunda amahulu okuqukethwe kumaqhathaniso kwezinkathalo zokusebenza phakathi kweemayisini ezincedisiwayo neemayisini eziwenzelwe yilawulo lokuhlola izinto eziningi. Ziyangeleka amagama okuthiwe ngamanye amalayithi, umsebenzi wabantu nokulula okusetyenziswa kweemekhine. Emayisini ezincedisiwayo ziqhuba iindlela elikhulu lokusebenza ngaphambi kokuthiwa ngokupheleleyo ngenqanawe yokugcwalisa kunye nokubhala, okuningi ukuba luhluke imisebenzi esidingayo. Ngaphezulu, emayisini eziwenzelwe zihlaba ngokukhulu ukusetshenziswa kungcono ukuthi zisetshintshwa ngokuyingxenyana, futhi zisetshintshwa ngokushesha kumthunywa. Kodwa, kufanele ukhethe ukuthi ngokushesha emayisini ezincedisiwayo ziqukethwe ngokupheleleyo, kodwa ukusuka kwabo kuhluke ukususa nokuhlola okudingekile kwiindawo ezininzi. Ababonisa ukuthi kufanele bahlalele amahulu angaphambili nokuthi ahlalele amahulu angasinye ukuthi akhethela uphawu olungena lokusebenza ngokuphumeleleyo kulesi sikhatsi esingaphambili.

Amahulu Okusetafekwa Kusihlalo Esingaphambili

Kuleso sikhathi esizindlela ukubonelela amagaba amadala, ipepa ezinethiwe ngokupheleleyo zihamba ngamaluzi okuningi ngenxa yobungakhiwo babo. Kuyishiyagalombili ukuthi akukho kuhlonipha amanqaku nokulandelekileyo lokusebenza, lokunenqanawe yokusebenzela kunye neentsimbi ezincane ezindala. Ngokugcina, ipepa elihlanganiswe leyi-join mayelana nesithombe sokuhlola nokususa ngokwesikhatsi esidingeni. Amathathu angaphambili kwindawo yeziqhutywa, imali yokususa yesi-join ipipepa leyi-join ayiqhamuka kwesikhashana sesi-join. Ukusukuma imali engaziwayo, kufanele ukusetshenziswa kokuhlola nokuvavanya kwezinsuku zokusebenzela. Ukusure kamva ukuthi izindlela zesiStileleni azisebenzisiwe ngokucacileyo nokuthi zivavanye ngokwesintu esibonisa ukuba zingabizwa kakhulu, uzokusetyenziswa kakhulu nokuhlola kwezinye izinsuku, lokunyeleya isixa lokusebenzela lokunesikhatsi sokugcina.

Amalayithi nokuthi Ophathe Lapho

Umyezelo wemoto/Omoto nokulandelekileyo (Ithuthi lesi-join)

Izilondolo zokuphakamisa zihlukele kakhulu kwisebenti somazwi wamanzi nesibheqe, ngokugcina lokhu kusetyenziswa amandla okuthile apho iindlela eluhlukene yikhomboni inceda. Ngaphandle kokubonakale kwezilondolo ezinamahhala, izilondolo zokuphakamisa zithola amandla esisodwa kunye nokuphinda ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, lokhu kuvumela abe ngokuthi zidingiwe phambi komazwi wamanzi kunye nezintshabalalo zokushayela, kunye nemigomo yokuphinda ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ekunene. Izibophelelo zithi ukwazi ukuba izilondolo ezinamahhala zingavaliwe ngokushesha ngaphandle kokubonakale kwezilondolo zokuphakamisa ezinamandla ezinamahhala. Ngakho ke, lokhu kulandelwe njengemibono yesibhakabhaka sokusebenza kakhulu lokhu kuzodingeka ukukhetha izilondolo zokuphakamisa apho ukufanelelwa kunye nokulula kuhlanganisiwe ngezinyathelo ezizidingekayo ezifaneleleyo nokuthi zisebenze ngokuphiwe kunye nokuthola. Lokho lungenziwe ukuze ulungisele umthombo kunye nokusetshenziswa kwezindaba eziphumaphumeleleyo, ezidingekayo ukuthola ukuphakama kunye nokusebenza ngokuphiwe, ezidingekayo ukuthola ukuphakama kunye nokusebenza ngokuphiwe, ezidingekayo ukuthola ukuphakama kunye nokusebenza ngokuphiwe, ezidingekayo ukuthola ukuphakama kunye nokusebenza ngokuphiwe. Amaphrofesheni akhetheli ahlalele izilondolo zokuphakamisa kusenzo sokuthi kudinga ukudlala kunye nokusebenza.

Amagcindeyo kanye nokusebenzela (Ukuphikisana nolondolo olwayo)

Kwisetyiso nokubhedlela, ukuthi lokhu kuhlukile ngokwesikhashana sokuthi amaphayiphi ahlola ezikhundleni zihlola ngenqanawe yobunzima obuphakathi bazo nobungako yokusebenza. Amaphayiphi ahlola aziphumeleyi kakhulu esiqephu sengxenye sokuthi khona ukuthi zingavumelekanga ukusetha nokuhlola, ngoba zingavumelanga ukusetshenziswa nokufakwa kwezinye izindawo ezisusiweyo. Le ndawonophi leyi-ndawo lokulula kulula ekhaya lokusebenza apho iimephu yezindlela zizidinga umkhonto omncane nokuthi ukuhlola okuyaziwe kunoma ukuthi akhuphi ikhathalo elandelayo. Ngisho, isithuthi esikhundleni sesetyisweni sibheka ukuthi amaphayiphi ahlola ayahlukile ukuba babekho abangabangeni ukuthi babalindele abanye amandla ngokushesha nokuthi babalindele abanye amandla ngokushesha nokuthi babalindele abanye amandla ngokushesha nokuthi babalindele abanye amandla ngokushesha. Ngoba ukuthi ubukhono bezilindile kuhamba phambi komoya, ukuthi kukhuphene kakhulu kwamaphayiphi ahlola kuzohlala kakhulu ngokuthi kunezimali ezincedwayo ezifanele ukuthi zisebenzele iimephu ngendawo ngokuthi zicabange nekutsi ziyinhloso yesafeti nokuthi ziyinhloso yesafeti nokuthi ziyinhloso yesafeti.